Glossary entry (derived from question below)
German term or phrase:
Naturhaushalt
English translation:
natural systems
Added to glossary by
Kim Metzger
Dec 18, 2012 13:35
11 yrs ago
1 viewer *
German term
Naturhaushalt
German to English
Science
Environment & Ecology
1. Der Begriff "Naturhaushalt" wurde 1749 von LINNE in die Biologie eingeführt. In der Landschaftsökologie wird er einmütig als Wirkungsgefüge der Landschaftsfaktoren Relief, Gestein, Boden, Klima, Wasser, Luft, Pflanzen und Tiere definiert. Der Naturhaushalt ist nach diesem Verständnis eine Sonderform des Landschafthaushaltes. Dieser inetgriert auch den menschlichen Einfluss, während jener in vom Menschen nicht oder nur unwesentlich beeinflussten Naturlandschaften existiert.
2. Im Sinne dieses Gesetzes bedeutet Naturhaushalt seine Bestandteile Boden, Wasser, Luft, Klima, Tiere und Pflanzen sowie das Wirkungsgefüge zwischen ihnen.
3. Der Naturhaushalt muss sowohl leistungs- wie auch funktionsfähig sein, beide Begriffe sind wechselseitig von einander abhängig, aber nicht inhaltsgleich. Die Funktionsfähigkeit beschreibt allgemein die Fähigkeit des Naturhaushalts einen bestimmten Zweck zu erfüllen.
2. Im Sinne dieses Gesetzes bedeutet Naturhaushalt seine Bestandteile Boden, Wasser, Luft, Klima, Tiere und Pflanzen sowie das Wirkungsgefüge zwischen ihnen.
3. Der Naturhaushalt muss sowohl leistungs- wie auch funktionsfähig sein, beide Begriffe sind wechselseitig von einander abhängig, aber nicht inhaltsgleich. Die Funktionsfähigkeit beschreibt allgemein die Fähigkeit des Naturhaushalts einen bestimmten Zweck zu erfüllen.
Proposed translations
(English)
4 +5 | natural systems | Kim Metzger |
4 +3 | Systema Naturae | Helen Shiner |
3 +3 | oeconomia naturae | seehand |
4 +1 | ecosystem | Maja_K |
5 | ecological balance | Sanjay Kesharwani |
4 | natural balance | Peter Nutting |
References
Historical use of the terms | opolt |
Linneaus | Yorkshireman |
Change log
Jan 1, 2013 13:51: Kim Metzger Created KOG entry
Proposed translations
+5
1 hr
Selected
natural systems
The Lexikon Landschafts- und Stadtplanung offers natural systems for Naturhaushalt and landscape ecosystem for Landschaftshaushalt.
Natural systems might be a better choice for a term introduced in 1749.
http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/17484...
Natural systems might be a better choice for a term introduced in 1749.
http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/17484...
Peer comment(s):
agree |
opolt
: I agree -- historically "ecosystem" should be a very recent term IMHO.
18 mins
|
neutral |
Helen Shiner
: Amending to neutral in light of seehand's contribution.
55 mins
|
agree |
BrigitteHilgner
: I see no need for a combination with anything (re. Ms Shiner's reaction).
1 hr
|
neutral |
Lancashireman
: With Helen's suggestion (Brigitte: The English word you were looking for was 'response'. 'Reaction' is best reserved for chemistry and handbags at dawn.) / Sorry, Lexikon Landschafts- und Stadtplanung may have misled us on this one, hence agree > neutral.
2 hrs
|
http://www.dpac.tas.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0011/17484...
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agree |
philgoddard
3 hrs
|
agree |
Johanna Timm, PhD
: Referring to Linne, the author could indeed have used the Latin term in the German text - but he didn't! That's why I would not use it in the English translation either.
6 hrs
|
I didn't know the source text was in German.
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agree |
Coqueiro
: Tolles Beispiel für die Verwendung von 'system' im Plural - und es geht hier nicht um die Systematik in der Biologie!
7 hrs
|
4 KudoZ points awarded for this answer.
Comment: "Selected automatically based on peer agreement."
+1
2 mins
ecosystem
...
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Note added at 15 mins (2012-12-18 13:50:05 GMT)
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http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/linne/
"...LINNE will support and benefit from linkages to a wide range of activities in ecology, ecosystem science, bioinformatics, information sciences, geology, land planning, and resource management, ... "
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 15 mins (2012-12-18 13:50:05 GMT)
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http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/linne/
"...LINNE will support and benefit from linkages to a wide range of activities in ecology, ecosystem science, bioinformatics, information sciences, geology, land planning, and resource management, ... "
Peer comment(s):
agree |
Phoebe Indetzki
7 mins
|
ty Phoebe..
|
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neutral |
Helen Shiner
: This is not the historic term.
2 hrs
|
1 hr
natural balance
balance seems a good translation for Haushalt in this context
+3
2 hrs
Systema Naturae
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systema_Naturae
Linne is better known in EN as Linnaeus:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus
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Note added at 2 hrs (2012-12-18 15:40:06 GMT)
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You may find that the term 'taxonomy' is helpful here as a possible translation:
"... the academic discipline of defining groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics and giving names to those groups. Each group is given a rank and groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a super group of higher rank and thus create a hierarchical classification."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy
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Note added at 4 hrs (2012-12-18 17:50:53 GMT)
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Linnaeus's system is no longer used. It has been replaced by biological systematics and/or taxonomy, as previously stated:
Biological systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time. Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees (synonyms: cladograms, phylogenetic trees, phylogenies). Phylogenies have two components, branching order (showing group relationships) and branch length (showing amount of evolution). Phylogenetic trees of species and higher taxa are used to study the evolution of traits (e.g., anatomical or molecular characteristics) and the distribution of organisms (biogeography). Systematics, in other words, is used to understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth.
"Systematic biology" and "taxonomy" (terms that are often confused and used interchangeably) were defined in relationship to one another as follows:[1]
Systematic biology (hereafter called simply systematics) is the field that (a) provides scientific names for organisms, (b) describes them, (c) preserves collections of them, (d) provides classifications for the organisms, keys for their identification, and data on their distributions, (e) investigates their evolutionary histories, and (f) considers their environmental adaptations. This is a field with a long history that in recent years has experienced a notable renaissance, principally with respect to theoretical content. Part of the theoretical material has to do with evolutionary areas (topics e and f above), the rest relates especially to the problem of classification. Taxonomy is that part of Systematics concerned with topics (a) to (d) above.
The term "systematics" is sometimes used synonymously with "taxonomy", and may be confused with "scientific classification". Europeans tend to use the terms "systematics" and "biosystematics" for the field of the study of biodiversity as a whole, whereas North Americans tend to use "taxonomy" more frequently. [2] However, taxonomy, and in particular alpha taxonomy, is more specifically the identification, description, and naming (i.e. nomenclature) of organisms,[3] while "classification" is focused on placing organisms within hierarchical groups that show their relationships to other organisms. All of these biological disciplines can be involved with extinct and extant organisms. However, systematics alone deals specifically with relationships through time, and can be synonymous with phylogenetics, broadly dealing with the inferred hierarchy of organisms.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematics
Linne is better known in EN as Linnaeus:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 2 hrs (2012-12-18 15:40:06 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
You may find that the term 'taxonomy' is helpful here as a possible translation:
"... the academic discipline of defining groups of biological organisms on the basis of shared characteristics and giving names to those groups. Each group is given a rank and groups of a given rank can be aggregated to form a super group of higher rank and thus create a hierarchical classification."
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taxonomy
--------------------------------------------------
Note added at 4 hrs (2012-12-18 17:50:53 GMT)
--------------------------------------------------
Linnaeus's system is no longer used. It has been replaced by biological systematics and/or taxonomy, as previously stated:
Biological systematics is the study of the diversification of living forms, both past and present, and the relationships among living things through time. Relationships are visualized as evolutionary trees (synonyms: cladograms, phylogenetic trees, phylogenies). Phylogenies have two components, branching order (showing group relationships) and branch length (showing amount of evolution). Phylogenetic trees of species and higher taxa are used to study the evolution of traits (e.g., anatomical or molecular characteristics) and the distribution of organisms (biogeography). Systematics, in other words, is used to understand the evolutionary history of life on Earth.
"Systematic biology" and "taxonomy" (terms that are often confused and used interchangeably) were defined in relationship to one another as follows:[1]
Systematic biology (hereafter called simply systematics) is the field that (a) provides scientific names for organisms, (b) describes them, (c) preserves collections of them, (d) provides classifications for the organisms, keys for their identification, and data on their distributions, (e) investigates their evolutionary histories, and (f) considers their environmental adaptations. This is a field with a long history that in recent years has experienced a notable renaissance, principally with respect to theoretical content. Part of the theoretical material has to do with evolutionary areas (topics e and f above), the rest relates especially to the problem of classification. Taxonomy is that part of Systematics concerned with topics (a) to (d) above.
The term "systematics" is sometimes used synonymously with "taxonomy", and may be confused with "scientific classification". Europeans tend to use the terms "systematics" and "biosystematics" for the field of the study of biodiversity as a whole, whereas North Americans tend to use "taxonomy" more frequently. [2] However, taxonomy, and in particular alpha taxonomy, is more specifically the identification, description, and naming (i.e. nomenclature) of organisms,[3] while "classification" is focused on placing organisms within hierarchical groups that show their relationships to other organisms. All of these biological disciplines can be involved with extinct and extant organisms. However, systematics alone deals specifically with relationships through time, and can be synonymous with phylogenetics, broadly dealing with the inferred hierarchy of organisms.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematics
Peer comment(s):
agree |
Lancashireman
: natural systems (Systema Naturae) // Good point. In which case: Systema Naturae (nature's own systems). 'naturae' being a feminine genitive singular form (= of nature).
2 hrs
|
Thanks, Andrew - I feel it is best to go with the Latin since that was, in fact, Linnaeus's term (he wasn't EN, now was he?) with the EN equivalent as alternative or in brackets.
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agree |
philgoddard
: I don't think you need the English in brackets - its meaning is obvious even to a non-Latin speaker.
2 hrs
|
Thanks, phil
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agree |
opolt
: I agree it could be used in combination with Kim's term (however the German expression has over time taken on a life of its own, as reflected in the source -- cf. Johanna Timm's comment)
5 hrs
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Thanks, opolt. I would not use the Latin exclusively certainly, but EN academe is perhaps more likely to use the Latin for at least the first instance and intersperse it with the EN.
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neutral |
Coqueiro
: I think within the given context it's not about systematics in biology but about the interactive structure of natural systems including abiotic processes // Hi Helen, I have to sleep about it and will come back ;-)
7 hrs
|
Hi Conqueiro, that is just supporting material explaining what has replaced Linnaeus's systema naturae, not my suggested answer./My point is that one should use Linnaeus's own term, i.e. that he introduced in 1749, as per the source text.
|
5 hrs
ecological balance
Naturhaushalt = ecological balance appears to be more proper in this context.
Because the text mentions that
Naturhaushalt wird einmütig als Wirkungsgefüge der Landschaftsfaktoren Relief, Gestein, Boden, Klima, Wasser, Luft, Pflanzen und Tiere definiert.
That means, the text talks of an ecological balance between these various factors mentioned herein.
Because the text mentions that
Naturhaushalt wird einmütig als Wirkungsgefüge der Landschaftsfaktoren Relief, Gestein, Boden, Klima, Wasser, Luft, Pflanzen und Tiere definiert.
That means, the text talks of an ecological balance between these various factors mentioned herein.
+3
1 day 2 hrs
oeconomia naturae
see discussion
Peer comment(s):
agree |
Lancashireman
1 min
|
Danke
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agree |
Cetacea
22 hrs
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Merci vielmals
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agree |
Helen Shiner
22 hrs
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Thank you
|
Reference comments
1 hr
Reference:
Historical use of the terms
No direct/sound proof, but maybe it helps a bit, as "circumstancial evidence":
Frequency of "ecosystem": http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=ecosystem&year_...
Frequency of "Ökosystem": http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Ökosystem&year_...
Frequency of "Naturhaushalt" (it's really the start which matters here, as the term is quite frequent in German even today): http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Naturhaushalt&y...
Frequency of "ecosystem": http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=ecosystem&year_...
Frequency of "Ökosystem": http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Ökosystem&year_...
Frequency of "Naturhaushalt" (it's really the start which matters here, as the term is quite frequent in German even today): http://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=Naturhaushalt&y...
Peer comments on this reference comment:
neutral |
Helen Shiner
: Yes, one must find the historic terminology. I have had a stab, but more precise terms might be found.
27 mins
|
neutral |
Lancashireman
: See seehand's contribution (#1 in Discussion Box)
23 hrs
|
525 days
Reference:
Linneaus
The University of Uppsala has an excellent website all about Linneaus. This inludes, of course, his "Naturens ekonomi" (economy of nature/oeconomia naturae/Naturhaushalt).
Discussion
As Helen says, this clearly the way to go on this terminology query: 'oeconomia naturae' (economy of nature)
Ecology as the Economy of Nature
The subject of ecology as a distinct area of investigation was first outlined by Linnaeus in a thesis entitled Specimen academicum de oeconomia naturae, which was defended by one of his students in 1749. Linnaeus organized ecology around the balance of nature concept, which he named the "economy of nature."
'Economy' is in any case the direct translation of ‘Haushalt’. It is somewhat puzzling therefore that the Lexikon Landschafts- und Stadtplanung offers 'systems' (plural) and converts the genitive construction 'of nature' into the adjectival form 'natural'.
Please post as new and separate answer.
AJS
Have a look at this text here
http://esapubs.org/bulletin/current/history_list/history23.p...