English to Spanish Science Biology (-tech,-chem,micro-) biochemistry

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An overview of the chemistry, manufacture, environmental fate and detection of carbofuran
Immunoassays such as enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (or ELISAs) use antibodies which
react specifi cally to the analyte in a sample rather than binding or adsorbing to it (Harris 2007).
As such, ELISAs could be used to pre-screen samples for presence/absence of carbofuran. First,
the analyte contained in the sample or used for calibration is incubated with a polymer-bound
antibody, generally on a 96 well microtiter plate (Nelson and Cox 2008), to form a complex which
binds to the plate. The fraction of immobilised antibody that binds to the analyte is proportional
to the concentration of the analyte in the unknown sample (Harris 2007). The surface of the plate
is then incubated with a solution of nonspecifi c protein, generally casein or bovine serum albumin.
This blocks any sites on the plate that do not already have anything bound to them (Nelson
and Cox 2008). The complex formed by the antibody and the analyte (of high molecular weight,
e.g., a bacterium or a virus) is then treated with a second antibody which recognises and binds to a
different region of the analyte. This type of ELISA is called ‘sandwich immunoassay’ which is a noncompetitive
format. This second antibody is covalently attached to an enzyme. After the addition of
the second antibody, the plate is washed to clear unbound substances.