English to Polish Other Philosophy

Because of his commitment to monism, Callicott assumes that the discipline of environmental ethics must achieve two goals with a single theory. As noted above, Callicott assumes that any acceptable moral theory must identify which beings have moral standing. This assumption points him in search of a monistic, ontological solution to setting conservation goals and priorities. However, there is also the quite distinct problem of the warranted assertibility of environmentalists’ pronouncements that certain policies should be instituted because they are morally required and trump mere preferences of consumers. His solution is to provide a moral ontology in which moral subjects in nature, as well as among human individuals, "own” independently existing inherent value. But whereas the first problem might (although I doubt it) be usefully addressed by an ontological theory of moral monism, the second problem is essentially an epistemological problem; we require no ontological solution to it.